Text analysis

Here it is the text about gender equality I will use to explain your work:


https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/mar/08/australian-women-display-tremendous-resilience-in-face-of-gender-inequality-kate-jenkins-finds
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/13/good-news-gender-inquality-developing-world-education-maternity-women-hillary-clinton

Text code:
black- passive
red- reported speech
orange- relatives
pink- modals

Australian report finds disturbing evidence of gender inequality 

Sex discrimination commissioner Kate Jenkins reveals widespread opposition to advancing equality, despite stark evidence progress is needed.

Introduction or opening:

A report into the experiences of more than 1,000 women said there was ‘tremendous resilience from women overcoming the entrenched obstacles to their progress’.
 Incorrect assumptions are being made that gender equality has been achieved despite disturbing and comprehensive evidence to the contrary, an investigation by Australia’s sex discrimination commissioner, Kate Jenkins, has found. 
 Her findings include the experiences of more than 1,000 women who she interviewed while travelling to every state and territory over a six-month period last year to learn about Australia’s progress towards gender equality. 

BODY 1st paragraph

 Women start out as ambitious as men but it erodes over time, says researcher 
 “I did this report because you need to know you need to know the lay of the land before you make progress,” Jenkins told Guardian Australia. “I think that probably one of the most surprising and concerning findings was just how prevalent the opposition to advancing gender equality is.” After speaking to women and reviewing existing research, Jenkins found there were three key areas where equality was particularly lacking and where more progress was needed. They were gender economic security, leadership positions and violence against women. 
 “Some people are adamantly opposed to proactive initiatives to improve gender equality,” Jenkins said. “Other people truly don’t understand this is still problem for Australia.

 “They’re not actively working against equality but there is a sense in the broader community that gender equality has been achieved, which means there is no real motivation for people to do things differently or to promote women or highlight their stories.” A lot of the rural women were really facing greater barriers to women in metro areas .

Body 2nd paraggraph

One of the stories highlighted in the report was the experience of a woman named Lyn, who works as a cleaner in a hospital. She told Jenkins she regularly experienced sexual harassment from doctors and patients. 
On one occasion a patient called Lyn into his room, where he sat naked with an erection. “Her colleagues, including her manager, assumed that she was sexually involved with the patient,” the report said. “Lyn tried to report an unrelated instance of sexual harassment by a colleague’s husband but her manager did not take her seriously. After eight years of employment, Lyn thinks that she will have to resign from her job.” 
 The sex discrimination commissioner, Kate Jenkins, travelled around Australia for six months in 2016 to learn about progress towards gender equality. Jenkins said for many women she spoke with, the repercussions for speaking up and reporting harassment or inequality to their managers were worse than the discrimination and harassment itself. Workplaces that consider themselves meritocracies 'often hide gender biases'
 A female employee told Jenkins she had been labelled “hysterical” for calling out sexism. Another woman told Jenkins she lost shifts in her casual employment because she was unable to find care for her children at short notice. A plumber started her own business after failing to receive a single callback for job applications despite being overqualified. And a young woman in a suburban area was encouraged to pursue childcare or be a barista rather than apply for a trades apprenticeship. Women working in rural and remote areas were particularly vulnerable to inequality, Jenkins found. One young woman told her how she was asked to wear a bikini while fruit picking to get paid a bonus. Jenkins heard stories of women not being taken seriously or experiencing sexual harassment in these areas in particular. “A lot of the rural women were really facing greater barriers to women in metro areas,” she said. “It’s too easy to lump all women together as a homogenous group of white, Anglo-Saxon, heterosexual, able-bodied people, many who feel they are breaking down some of those barriers to equality. 

Body 3rd paragraph

“But there are many different voices in this, and my voice is tied to having spoken to rural women, LGBTI women, older women, women with disabilities, migrant women and Aboriginal women.” Research shows that women with disabilities are 40% more likely than women without disabilities to be the victims of domestic violence; and that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are 32 times more likely to be admitted to hospital as a result of family violence-related assault than non-Indigenous women in Australia.
 The report noted that Australia’s long history of removing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their parents had left young women scared to take their babies to hospitals when they are unwell because they fear having their children removed from their custody. “It took a woman like Rosie Batty to make people understand and be aware of family violence, and key to that was her experience was supported by overwhelming evidence and facts,” Jenkins said. “People do need to hear individual experiences and that’s what this report tries to do. It tried to document those lived experiences and help those not touched by inequality in their everyday lives to realise deeply embedded barriers to change still remain. And that behind these stories, there is clear data.
” One woman, named Sonia, told Jenkins how after she became pregnant, her partner regularly raped her and emotionally manipulated her to convince her his behaviour was acceptable. The findings were launched on Wednesday to coincide with International Women’s Day. Jenkins said it was distressing to see the same arguments emerge each year that having a day for women was biased against men and unnecessary. 

Body 4th paragraph

“You see the conversations with people asking; ‘Where is men’s day?’ Well first of all, there is one. It’s in November. And the fact is we still see women underrepresented on honour rolls around the country. “Until recently, women had to stop playing AFL at 13 or 14 if they were wanting to play at the highest levels, because there was nowhere for them to advance to. We have research from workforces like the Australian federal police and from surgeons highlighting inequality and discrimination. “The Word Economic Forum ranks countries for female economic participation and Australia ranks number 46.” Jenkins’ report also found there were still fewer opportunities for women when it came to career development, progression and leadership in casual employment. One female academic interviewed noted that although promotions are supposed to be considered in light of achievement relative to opportunity, in reality promotions were based on how many papers an individual had produced, which disadvantaged women on parental leave or with caring responsibilities. 

Closing

 But the report was not entirely depressing, Jenkins said. In her foreword she wrote that in her consultations around the country she had also heard about “ingenious ways individuals are working to overcome structural biases and unhelpful stereotypes in order to improve opportunities for women and girls”. “Again and again I witnessed tremendous resilience from women overcoming the entrenched obstacles to their progress, and men stepping up beside women to advance gender equality,”

PROJECT STEP 1

I've chosen a topic that really interests me: GENDER EQUALITY.

1. FIRSTLY, I MUST PICK OUT A VIDEO WHICH DEALS WITH THE TOPIC  WIDELY

SECONDLY, I ANALYSE IT AND STUDY THE VOCABULARY .
IT'S THE STORY OF TWO GIRLS AND HOW SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES DETERMINE THEIR LIVES.

VOCABULARY:
SIBLINGS 
INEQUALITY/UNEQUAL
 HER LIFE GOES RADICALLY DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS
 TO REMARRY
TO FORCE TO MARRY TO A MAN THREE TIME HER AGE
TO GET PREGNANT AT
TO CONTRACT A DISEASE
TO BE OSTRACIZED BY THE COMMUNITY
TO EXPERIENCE INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC
CONTRACEPTION/ Sex education
TO STRUGGLE TO FEED THEM
BY THE TIME
TO BE ABLE TO DECIDE BY HERSELF/ CONTRIBUTE TO HER COMMUNITY
MATERNAL MORTALITY 
LEADING CAUSE
LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES vs High income countries
TO BE LIKELY TO.../ You are three times less/more likely to....
 TO DO THE LION'S SHARE
TO HAVE AN IMPACT ON THEIR ACCESS TO education, work, labour market...
WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT
ESSENTIAL TO ERADICATE POVERTY AND BRING ABOUT RADICAL CHANGE
COMMITMENT FOR REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS AND HEALTH
HARMFUL SOCIAL LAWS MUST BE TRANSFORMED AND CHANGED
TO FULFILL THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN

THIRDLY, QUESTIONS ABOUT THE VIDEO
1. At the beginning of the story what is the difference between the two girls?
2. What's different in their lives at the end?
3. What has triggered such a inequality?
4. What measures can be taken to change such situation?
5. What's your personal opinion about the subject?
6. Do you considered yourself  as living in a privileged position?

AND TO MAKE YOU THINK ABOUT IT..

2. MY SECOND VIDEOS ARE ABOUT A WOMEN RIGHTS NGO

VOCABULARY:

• GENDER INEQUALITY
• TO INVEST ON GIRL'S EDUCATION
• TO MOVE OUT OF A VICIOUS CIRCLE  AND BECOME A REAL STAND-UP
• THE CENTRAL MORAL CHALLENGE OF OUR CENTURY
• OPPRESSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• TO DISCRIMINATE TO DEATH/ DISCRIMINATION/ DISCRIMINATED
• SCARCE RESOURCES
• 50% HIGHER MORTALITY RATES
• TO BRING WOMEN INTO THE LABOUR FORCE
• OVERPOPULATION / OVERPOPULATED
• SEX TRAFFICKING
• SLAVERY TRADE
• POOR RURAL ILLITERATE FEMALES
• MARRIED AGAINST THEIR WILL
• PREDICTABLE SOLUTIONS: EDUCATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES..
• TRANSFORMATIVE/ TRANSFORMATION / TO TRANSFORM
• A SOCIAL CHANGE THAT WILL ADDRESS A MORAL CHALLENGE
• RESEARCH SHOWS THAT......
• WOMEN EMPOWERMENT/ TO GET EMPOWERED
• CONSTRUCTIVE LIFE 

QUESTIONS.

1.  What is the main aim Half-Sky?
2. Mention some examples of women who have come out of their dramatic situation.
3. What are the solutions?
4. Quote three main causes of the persistent poverty among women in the world today
5. What is an obstectric fistula?
6. How this women got over her problem?


TO TOP IT ALL: EMOTIONAL APPROACH!!!!
THIRLY A TESTIMONY: GET TO THE HEART OF IT WITH SENSE OF HUMOUR

LEARN ABOUT FGM THROUGH A REAL STORY

WRITE ABOUT KHADIJA'S EXPERIENCE AND FEELINGS

EXPRESSING WISHES

REMEMBER AS THEY DO NOT HAVE SUBJUNCTIVE THIS IS WHAT THEY USE :

1. IF ONLY/ I  WISH + PAST SIMPLE FOR WISHES

" How I wish you were here"

2. IF ONLY/ I WISH + PAST PERFECT FOR REGRETS

"I wished I had gone to bed earlier last night, now I am worn out."

3. IF ONLY/I WISH + WOULD FOR COMPLAINTS

" I wished my brother wouldn't laugh at me all the time"

Click on the photo for exercises

WOULD RATHER / HAD BETTER

WOULD RATHER/ HAD BETTER SEMIMODALS

http://englishstandarts.blogspot.com.es/2012/12/modal-phrases-had-better-and-would.html

Semi-modal multi-word constructions 'had better' and 'would rather' are followed by the infinitive without to.

Examples: 

• We had better go into the house because it is raining. 
• I can come today but I would rather come tomorrow.

Had Better

'Had better' expresses advice and means 'would find it wiser or more suitable'.
E.g.: You had better go now (=it would be good, wise or suitable for you to go now).

Synonyms: ought to do something / should do something.

In negative structures, better comes before not.
E.g.: You had better not go now.

Patterns. Read and memorize! 

1. We had better take an umbrella. It may rain. (We’d (1) better…) 
2. He’d better stop and have a rest if he feels tired. 
3. You’d better go on the excursion. 
4. You had better not eat so much. (You’d better…) 
5. Hadn’t you better hurry if you want to catch the eight o’clock train? (2) 
6. What had I better put on for the party?

Note 1: - The contracted form ‘d is very common.
Note 2: - The negative form 'hadn't better' is used mainly in questions: Hadn't we better try again later?

►'Had' is sometimes dropped in very informal speech.
E. g. : You better go now. 
           I better try again later.

Would Rather

'Would rather' expresses choice and means 'would prefer to do something'.
E.g.: I would rather you didn't help them (=I would prefer it if you didn't help them).

Patterns. Read and memorize! 

• I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema. It’s raining. 
• 'How about a drink?' – 'I’d (1) rather have something to eat.' 
• I’d rather take a taxi than walk home (it’s too late). 
• The children would rather play in the garden than go to bed. 
• Would you rather write a composition or a dictation? 
• Would he rather read J. Galsworthy or W. Faulkner?

Note 1: - The contracted form ‘d is very common.

► 'Would rather' can be used with different subjects before and after it, to say that one person would prefer another to do something. In this case, a past tense is generally used with a present or future meaning.

E. g. :  I’d rather you went home now.
            Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend.

To talk about past actions, past perfect tense is used.

E. g. : I’d rather you hadn’t done that.

EXERCISE1

EXERCISE 2

MORE EXERCISES

AND SOME MORE

Inversion

www.perfect-english-grammar.com/inversion.html

We use inversion in several different situations in English. Inversion just means putting the verb before the subject. We usually do it in question forms:

• Normal sentence: You are tired. (The subject is 'you'. It's before the verb 'are'.)
• Question form: Are you tired? (The verb 'are' is before the subject 'you'. They have changed places. This is called inversion.)

In most English verb tenses, when we want to use inversion, we just move the verb to before the subject. If there's more than one verb, because a verb tense has auxiliary verbs for example, we move the first verb.

When do we use inversion? Of course, we use inversion in questions. You can read more about this here. But we also sometimes use inversion in other cases, when we are not making a question.

1: When we use a negative adverb or adverb phrase at the beginning of the sentence.

Usually, we put the expression at the beginning of the sentence to emphasise what we're saying. It makes our sentence sound surprising or striking or unusual. It also sounds quite formal. If you don't want to give this impression, you can put the negative expression later in the sentence in the normal way:

• Seldom have I seen such beautiful work.
  ('Seldom' is at the beginning, so we use inversion. This sentence emphasizes what beautiful work it is.)
• I have seldom seen such beautiful work.
  ('Seldom' is in the normal place, so we don't use inversion. This is a normal sentence with no special emphasis.)

Here are some negative adverbs and adverb phrases that we often use with inversion:

Hardly	Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
Never	Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.
Seldom	Seldom do we see such an amazing display of dance.
Rarely	Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
Only then	Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
Not only ... but	Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.
No sooner	No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.
Scarcely	Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.
Only later	Only later did she really think about the situation.
Nowhere	Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
Little	Little did he know!
Only in this way	Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.
In no way	In no way do I agree with what you're saying.
On no account	On no account should you do anything without asking me first.

In the following expressions, the inversion comes in the second part of the sentence:

Not until	Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe.
Not since	Not since Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.
Only after	Only after I'd seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.
Only when	Only when we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.
Only by	Only by working extremely hard could we afford to eat.

We only use inversion when the adverb modifies the whole phrase and not when it modifies the noun: Hardly anyone passed the exam. (No inversion.)

2: We can use inversion instead of 'if' in conditionals with 'had' 'were' and 'should'. This is quite formal:

• Normal conditional: If I had been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.
• Conditional with inversion: Had I been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.

• Normal conditional: If we had arrived sooner, we could have prevented this tragedy!
• Conditional with inversion: Had we arrived sooner, we could have prevented this tragedy!

3: We can use inversion if we put an adverbial expression of place at the beginning on the sentence. This is also quite formal or literary:

• On the table was all the money we had lost. (Normal sentence: All the money we had lost was on the table.)
• Round the corner came the knights. (Normal sentence: The knights came round the corner.)

4: We can use inversion after 'so + adjective...that':

• So beautiful was the girl that nobody could talk of anything else. (Normal sentence: the girl was so beautiful that nobody could talk of anything else.)
• So delicious was the food that we ate every last bite. (Normal sentence: the food was so delicious that we ate every last bite.)

HINTS FOR YOUR SPEAKINGS

BUILDING A NEW SOCIETY

Aspects that you will have to take into account when planning your presentations

1. Figure out a surprising opening.
Most speakers start by rhetorical questions, own life experiences, anecdotes, haunting facts....
Don't start by the classical and boring "Hi, we are ...... and we are going to talk about........"

2. Make a clear layout. Which aspects are you going to deal with? Would you like to focus on a specific one ?
You may include an index to inform of the issues you are coping with.

For instance:    EDUCATION
                         HEALTHCARE
                         ECONOMY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
                         ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
                         COMMUNITY AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
                         TECHNOLOGY
                         GLOBAL WORKING WORLD
                         FOUNDATION, CAREER, MANAGEMENT SKILLS
                         GROWING IN EQUALITY AND JUSTICE
                         POLITICS ( IF ANY) AND ACTIVISM

Get more information in this report about Australia's young people:
http://unlimitedpotential.fya.org.au/future/young-people-will-move-into-a-changing-world-of-work/#start

3. Focus on the aspects you feel you can defend more dinamically: giving examples, supporting your ideas, including data, figures statistics, graphics to back up your statements.

4. Be creative and imaginative: pander to your audience. Create your own style of speaking and stick to it.

5. Find a surprising conclusion finishing with an idiom or a famous quote that comes in handy.

7. Mention your sources of information or webgraphy.

6. Remember to ask the audience if they have any questions

7. ALWAYS THANK THE AUDIENCE FOR LISTENING.

            ALL THESE ASPECTS WILL BE GRADED ALONG WITH PHONETICS, FLUENCY, INTONATION AND EXPRESSIVENESS.



SOME VIDEOS FOR YOUR INSPIRATION


                                                                  EDUCATION

  WORK

                                                             
                                                            SUSTAINABILITY

EXAMPLE OF A ECHO-TECHNOLOGICAL CITY

                                          

MAKING A NEW START!!!

"IT IS OUR EMPATHY, IT IS OUR TUNING IN WHAT SEPARATES US  FROM MAQUIAVELLIANS OR SOCIOPATHS"  Dr. Daniel Goleman at Ted Talk 2007.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

HUMAN BEINGS THAT ARE CHANGING THE WORLD.

If you want to know more about her:

OPRAY WINFRED WITH THICH NHAT HANH

BKS IYENGAR. THE GREAT YOGA MASTER